Laser
Izina ryayo ryuzuye ni Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Imirasire.Ibi bisobanurwa ngo "kwongera imirasire yumucyo".Nisoko yumucyo utanga ibintu bitandukanye biranga urumuri rusanzwe, rushobora gukwirakwira intera ndende kumurongo ugororotse kandi rushobora gukusanyirizwa mukarere gato.
Itandukaniro hagati ya Laser n'umucyo Kamere
1. Monocromaticity
Umucyo usanzwe ukubiyemo intera ndende yuburebure kuva ultraviolet kugeza infragre.Uburebure bwabwo buratandukanye.
Umucyo usanzwe
Urumuri rwa Laser nuburebure bwumucyo umwe, umutungo witwa monochromaticity.Ibyiza bya monochromaticity nuko byongera ubworoherane bwibishushanyo mbonera.
Laser
Igipimo cyumucyo cyumucyo kiratandukanye bitewe nuburebure bwumurongo.
Iyo urumuri rusanzwe runyuze mumurongo, gukwirakwizwa bibaho bitewe nubwoko butandukanye bwuburebure burimo imbere.Iyi phenomenon yitwa chromatic aberration.
Urumuri rwa Laser, kurundi ruhande, nuburebure bwumucyo umwe wumucyo uhindura gusa icyerekezo kimwe.
Kurugero, mugihe lens ya kamera igomba kuba ifite igishushanyo gikosora kugoreka bitewe namabara, laseri igomba gusa kuzirikana ubwo burebure bwumuraba, bityo urumuri rushobora kwanduzwa intera ndende, bigatuma habaho igishushanyo mbonera cyibanda kumucyo ahantu hato.
2. Ubuyobozi
Icyerekezo ni urwego amajwi cyangwa urumuri bidashobora gukwirakwira nkuko bigenda mu kirere;icyerekezo cyo hejuru cyerekana gukwirakwizwa gake.
Umucyo usanzwe: Igizwe numucyo ukwirakwizwa mubyerekezo bitandukanye, no kunoza icyerekezo, sisitemu igoye ya optique irakenewe kugirango ikureho urumuri hanze yicyerekezo.
Lazeri:Numucyo werekeza cyane, kandi biroroshye gukora optique kugirango yemere lazeri kugendera kumurongo ugororotse udakwirakwiriye, byemerera kohereza intera ndende nibindi.
3. Guhuza
Guhuza byerekana urwego urumuri rukunda kubangamira.Niba urumuri rufatwa nkumuraba, hafi ya bande niko guhuza.Kurugero, imiraba itandukanye hejuru yamazi irashobora kuzamura cyangwa guhagarika buriwese mugihe igonganye, kandi muburyo bumwe nkibi bintu, uko umuraba utunguranye bigenda bigabanuka urwego rwo kwivanga.
Umucyo usanzwe
Icyiciro cya laser, uburebure bwumurongo, nicyerekezo ni kimwe, kandi umuraba ukomeye urashobora kugumaho, bityo bigafasha kwanduza intera ndende.
Impinga ya Laser n'ibibaya birahuye
Umucyo uhuza cyane, ushobora kwanduzwa intera ndende utakwirakwiriye, ufite ibyiza ko ushobora gukusanyirizwa ahantu hato binyuze mumurongo, kandi ushobora gukoreshwa nkumucyo mwinshi cyane wohereza urumuri rwakorewe ahandi.
4. Ubucucike bw'ingufu
Lazeri ifite monochromaticite nziza, itaziguye, hamwe, kandi irashobora guhurizwa hamwe ahantu hato cyane kugirango habeho urumuri rwinshi rwinshi.Lazeri irashobora kugabanuka kugeza hafi yumucyo karemano udashobora kugerwaho numucyo usanzwe.(Bypass limit: Bivuga kutabasha kugaragara kwumucyo mubintu bito kurenza uburebure bwumucyo.)
Mugabanye lazeri mubunini buto, ubukana bwurumuri (density density) burashobora kwiyongera kugeza aho bushobora gukoreshwa mugucamo ibyuma.
Laser
Ihame rya Laser Oscillation
1. Ihame ryibisekuruza
Gukora urumuri rwa laser, atom cyangwa molekile bita laser media irakenewe.Ibikoresho bya laser byongerwamo imbaraga (byishimye) kuburyo atome ihinduka kuva mubutaka buke bwingufu ikagera kumashanyarazi menshi.
Leta yishimye ni leta aho electron ziri muri atome ziva imbere zikajya hanze.
Nyuma ya atome ihindutse muburyo bushimishije, isubira mubutaka nyuma yigihe runaka (igihe bifata cyo kuva muri reta yishimye ikajya mubutaka bwitwa fluorescence ubuzima).Muri iki gihe ingufu zakiriwe zirabagirana muburyo bwumucyo kugirango usubire mubutaka (imirasire yizana).
Urumuri rumurika rufite uburebure bwihariye.Lazeri ikorwa muguhindura atom muburyo bushimishije hanyuma ugakuramo urumuri rwavuyemo kugirango uyikoreshe.
2. Ihame rya Amplified Laser
Atome zahinduwe muburyo bushimishije mugihe runaka bizamurika urumuri kubera imirasire yizana hanyuma isubire mubutaka.
Nyamara, uko urumuri rwinshi rukomera, niko umubare wa atome muri reta yishimye uziyongera, kandi imirasire yumucyo ubwayo nayo iziyongera, bikavamo ikibazo cyimirasire ishimishije.
Imirasire ikangutse nikintu aho, nyuma yumucyo wumucyo utunguranye cyangwa utera imishwarara kuri atome yishimye, urumuri rutanga atome yishimye nimbaraga zo gukora urumuri rukwiranye.Nyuma yimirasire yishimye, atom yishimye isubira mubutaka bwayo.Nibwo imirasire ikangura ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza lazeri, kandi uko umubare munini wa atome uri mu byishimo, niko imirasire itera imbaraga ikomeza kubyara, bigatuma urumuri rwiyongera vuba kandi rugakurwa nk'urumuri rwa laser.
Kubaka Laser
Inganda zinganda zashyizwe mubice 4.
1. Laser ya Semiconductor: Lazeri ikoresha igice cya kabiri gifite urwego rukora (urwego rutanga urumuri) nkuburyo bwarwo.
2. Lazeri ya gaze: Laser ya CO2 ikoresha gaze ya CO2 nkibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane.
3. Lazeri ikomeye-ya lazeri: Mubisanzwe lazeri YAG na YVO4, hamwe na YAG na YVO4 kristaline ya laser.
4. Fibre laser: ukoresheje fibre optique nkibikoresho.
✷ Kubijyanye na Pulse Ibiranga n'ingaruka kubikorwa
1. Itandukaniro hagati ya YVO4 na fibre laser
Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati ya YVO4 laseri na fibre fibre ni imbaraga zimpanuka nubugari bwa pulse.Imbaraga zo hejuru zerekana ubukana bwurumuri, naho ubugari bwa pulse bugaragaza igihe cyumucyo.yVO4 ifite ibiranga kubyara byoroshye impinga ndende na pulses ngufi zumucyo, kandi fibre ifite ibiranga kubyara byoroshye impinga ntoya hamwe nizuba rirerire ryumucyo.Iyo laser irasa ibikoresho, ibisubizo byo gutunganya birashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe nibitandukaniro rya pulses.
2. Ingaruka ku bikoresho
Imitsi ya laser ya YVO4 irasa ibintu hamwe nurumuri rwinshi mugihe gito, kugirango uduce tworoheje twubuso bushyushye vuba hanyuma duhita dukonja ako kanya.Igice kirabagirana gikonjeshwa kugeza kibyimba muburyo butetse kandi kigahumuka kugirango kibe ikimenyetso gito.Imirasire irangira mbere yuko ubushyuhe bwimurwa, bityo rero ingaruka nkeya ziterwa nubushyuhe mukarere gakikije.
Impiswi ya fibre laser, kurundi ruhande, irasa urumuri ruke cyane mugihe kirekire.Ubushyuhe bwibintu buzamuka buhoro kandi bugakomeza kuba amazi cyangwa guhumeka igihe kirekire.Kubwibyo, fibre laser ikwiranye no gushushanya umukara aho ingano yo gushushanya iba nini, cyangwa aho icyuma gikorerwa ubushyuhe bwinshi na okiside kandi kigomba kwirabura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-26-2023